100 Amp Wire Size at 450 Feet (240V Split-Phase (US Dryer / EV / Subpanel))
Complete conductor sizing, Ohm's law voltage drop, $I^2R$ line power loss, and circuit breaker specification for a 100 A load over a 450 ft (137.2 m) one-way run.
Copper Wire (≤3% Drop)3/0 AWG85.01 mm² · Drop: 2.88%
Aluminum Wire (≤3% Drop)300 kcmilDrop: 6.37V (2.65%)
Voltage at Load End233.1 VLoss: 6.91 V (690.6 W)
Power & Breaker (125%)24.0 kW125A Breaker Recommended
All AWG & kcmil Wire Gauges for 100 Amps at 450 Feet (240V)
| Wire Gauge | Metric Area | NEC 75°C Cu Ampacity | Copper Voltage Drop | Load Voltage | Aluminum Drop | Line Loss ($I^2R$) | NEC Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 AWG | 2.08 mm² | 15 A | 282.23 V (117.6%) | 0.0 V | 465.55 V (193.98%) | 28223.3 W | Drop/Amp High |
| 12 AWG | 3.31 mm² | 20 A | 177.35 V (73.9%) | 62.6 V | 292.55 V (121.9%) | 17735.5 W | Drop/Amp High |
| 10 AWG | 5.26 mm² | 30 A | 111.61 V (46.5%) | 128.4 V | 184.1 V (76.71%) | 11160.5 W | Drop/Amp High |
| 8 AWG | 8.37 mm² | 50 A | 70.14 V (29.22%) | 169.9 V | 115.69 V (48.21%) | 7013.7 W | Drop/Amp High |
| 6 AWG | 13.3 mm² | 65 A | 44.14 V (18.39%) | 195.9 V | 72.81 V (30.34%) | 4413.9 W | Drop/Amp High |
| 4 AWG | 21.15 mm² | 85 A | 27.76 V (11.57%) | 212.2 V | 45.78 V (19.08%) | 2775.6 W | Drop/Amp High |
| 3 AWG | 26.67 mm² | 100 A | 22.01 V (9.17%) | 218.0 V | 36.31 V (15.13%) | 2201.1 W | Drop/Amp High |
| 2 AWG | 33.62 mm² | 115 A | 17.46 V (7.28%) | 222.5 V | 28.8 V (12.0%) | 1746.1 W | Drop/Amp High |
| 1 AWG | 42.41 mm² | 130 A | 13.84 V (5.77%) | 226.2 V | 22.83 V (9.51%) | 1384.2 W | Drop/Amp High |
| 1/0 AWG | 53.49 mm² | 150 A | 10.97 V (4.57%) | 229.0 V | 18.1 V (7.54%) | 1097.5 W | ~ ≤5% |
| 2/0 AWG | 67.43 mm² | 175 A | 8.71 V (3.63%) | 231.3 V | 14.36 V (5.98%) | 870.6 W | ~ ≤5% |
| 3/0 AWG | 85.01 mm² | 200 A | 6.91 V (2.88%) | 233.1 V | 11.39 V (4.75%) | 690.6 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 4/0 AWG | 107.2 mm² | 230 A | 5.48 V (2.28%) | 234.5 V | 9.03 V (3.76%) | 547.6 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 250 kcmil | 126.7 mm² | 255 A | 4.63 V (1.93%) | 235.4 V | 7.64 V (3.18%) | 463.3 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 300 kcmil | 152.0 mm² | 285 A | 3.86 V (1.61%) | 236.1 V | 6.37 V (2.65%) | 386.2 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 350 kcmil | 177.3 mm² | 310 A | 3.31 V (1.38%) | 236.7 V | 5.46 V (2.28%) | 331.1 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 400 kcmil | 202.7 mm² | 335 A | 2.9 V (1.21%) | 237.1 V | 4.78 V (1.99%) | 289.6 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 500 kcmil | 253.4 mm² | 380 A | 2.32 V (0.97%) | 237.7 V | 3.82 V (1.59%) | 231.7 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 600 kcmil | 304.0 mm² | 420 A | 1.93 V (0.8%) | 238.1 V | 3.19 V (1.33%) | 193.1 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 750 kcmil | 380.0 mm² | 475 A | 1.54 V (0.64%) | 238.5 V | 2.55 V (1.06%) | 154.5 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 1000 kcmil | 506.7 mm² | 545 A | 1.16 V (0.48%) | 238.8 V | 1.91 V (0.8%) | 115.9 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
Frequently Asked Engineering Questions
What size copper wire do I need for 100 amps at 450 feet (240V)?
To stay within the NEC recommended 3% maximum voltage drop for a 100A load over 450 feet one-way at 240V (1-Phase), you need 3/0 AWG copper wire. This produces a voltage drop of 6.91V (2.88%) and delivers 233.1V at the load.
What size aluminum wire is required for 100 amps at 450 feet?
Using aluminum conductors (75°C rating), you should use 300 kcmil to maintain voltage drop at 6.37V (2.65%).
What breaker size is needed for a 100A continuous load?
Under NEC 210.20(A), continuous loads require a circuit breaker rated at 125% of the continuous current (100A × 1.25 = 125.0A), which corresponds to a standard 125A circuit breaker.
Compare Other Distances & Amperages
100 Amp Wire Size by Distance (240V)
100A at 20 ft (240V)100A at 30 ft (240V)100A at 40 ft (240V)100A at 50 ft (240V)100A at 60 ft (240V)100A at 75 ft (240V)100A at 80 ft (240V)100A at 100 ft (240V)100A at 120 ft (240V)100A at 125 ft (240V)100A at 150 ft (240V)100A at 175 ft (240V)